From the comparison of Figure 6a,b, it was found that under the same age and fly ash substitution ratio, the dry shrinkage of high-LOI (8%) fly ash (FA2) concrete was higher than that of the low-LOI (5%) fly ash (FA1) concrete but still lower than S30 control concrete.

 — ASTM C618 and AASHTO M 295 specifications for fly ash represent the primary documents used by U.S. state and federal agencies to determine the suitability of a fly ash source for use in concrete. Other countries have …

 — Two kinds of low-calcium fly ash with loss on ignition (LOI) of 5% and 8% were used as replacement for cement and/or fine aggregate of 0% (control), 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% by weight...

 — The four most relevant characteristics of fly ash for use in concrete are loss on ignition (LOI), fineness, chemical composition and uniformity. LOI is a measurement of unburned carbon (coal) remaining in the ash and is a critical characteristic of fly ash, especially for concrete applications.

To control carbon content, ASTM Standard C 618-03 4 limits loss on ignition LOI of fly ash to 6.0 percent by mass. Although LOI is a standard index for carbon content of ash, LOI and carbon...

 — Fly as is classified to Class C and Class F where the loss of ignition in class F is higher than Class C. Also, Class C fly ash contains a higher amount of CaO. FA was used to eliminate toxic materials, organic and inorganic compounds, and for the removal of dyes in wastewater treatment.

Fly ash, a material resulting from the combustion of pulverized coal, is widely used as a cementitious and pozzo-lanic ingredient in concrete and related products. Fly ash is introduced in concrete either as a separately batched material.

 — Specifically, concerns exist regarding its dependence on strength activity index testing for determination of fly ash reactivity and strength generation potential, and loss on ignition for...

The loss on ignition (LOI) was measured in accordance with ASTM C114-18 by heating 3 g (0.11 oz) of each fly ash in a furnace up to 970°C (1778°F) for 3 hours

 — Two kinds of low-calcium fly ash with loss on ignition (LOI) of 5% and 8% were used as replacement for cement and/or fine aggregate of 0% (control), 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% by weight of the total cementitious materials.