Within this general macroscopic view of the flotation process as a whole, several distinct micro processes can be identified. Each of these plays a role in determining how individual solid particles will respond while they are in a flotation cell. Prior to any flotation taking place, a number of

Changes in head grade, value and gangue mineralogy and redox profile will lead to changes in flotation response. The basis of sample selection includes the following: rock type and rock alteration. mineralogical characteristics. ore depth and redox profile (oxide, transitional, supergene hypergene)

 — Ostadrahimi et al. (Ostadrahimi et al., 2022) investigated the effects of two key flotation variables (air flow rate and froth depth) on iron ore flotation in a 10 m 3 industrial-scale flotation cell.

 — The distribution of air throughout the entire cell volume was at one time considered essential for cell effectiveness; however, in most modern flotation cells the positive recirculation of mineral through the impeller region provides the counterpart of …

 — Impact of operation parameters on designing flotation cells (gas hold-up, superficial gas velocity, bubble size distribution and orifice type, etc.); Measurement and modelling of slurry residence time in flotation cell/circuits.

Utilising large-volume flotation cells brings the benefit of lower overall capital expenditure due to lower equipment costs, reduced overall footprint, reduced installation requirements, lower energy consumption, and less units per installation, which leads to far fewer components and reduced spare parts and maintenance encumbrance.

 — The significance of frothers in the context of mineral flotation is widely recognized, particularly in relation to their impact on bubble size and dispersion, coalescence inhibition, as well as the structure and stability of the froth.

 — While many types of agitators and aerators will make a flotation froth and cause some separation, it is necessary to have flotation cells with the correct fundamental principles to attain high recoveries and produce a high grade concentrate.

 — Several flotation cells including Jameson, Reflux™ and Imhoflot™ cells, oscillating grid flotation cell and staged flotation reactor were presented as efficient cells for recovering fine and ultrafine particles over the conventional ones …

Froth flotation is a highly versatile method for physically separating particles based on differences in the ability of air bubbles to selectively adhere to specific mineral surfaces in a mineral/water slurry.