— A mathematical model of the particle heating process in the reaction shaft of flash smelting furnace was established and the calculation was performed.

 — World refined copper production increased slightly to an estimated 25 million tons in 2020 from 24.5 million tons in 2019, when the production in several countries was impacted by temporary smelter shutdowns for maintenance and upgrades . Future copper demand projections indicate that the per capita copper in-use stock (IUS) is expected to …

Abstract Experimental and mathematical modeling work has been conducted to develop an effective technological scheme for processing lead-containing dusts generated in copper smelting. The work incorporates conditions of melting, charge composition, and the physical parameters ... based on the equation of Protodjiakonov [15, 16], was used ...

Oxygen-rich side-blown bath smelting (OSBS) is a kind of copper smelting technology with high efficiency, energy-saving, and environment-friendly characteristics. However, emulsification and flow pattern as significant hydrodynamic parameters have been rarely studied for the OSBS process. The formation, size distribution of slag-matte droplets, …

 — In this study, the thermodynamic simulation model and system of the copper side-blown smelting process were established using the chemical equilibrium constant …

 — The oxygen bottom blown copper smelting process is a newly developed intensifying smelting process, which has been widely applied to the copper productions in China in the past 10 years [6, 23].This process was industrially tested initially in the Shuikoushan (SKS) smelter in 1990 and was named originally as "SKS process ", which …

 — The end product of this is called blister copper - a porous brittle form of copper, about 98 - 99.5% pure. ... Electrolysis of the new solution. Copper(II) ions are deposited as copper on the cathode (for the …

The original equation of Chaubal and Sohn t141 included a term to account for heat taken away from the particle due to vaporization of copper. It was found that under flash-smelting and flash-converting conditions only about 5 pct of the initial copper volatilized at high oxygen con- centration.

 — The chemical equation for smelting copper sulphide is: Cu2S (copper sulphide) + O2 (oxygen) → 2Cu (copper) + SO2 (sulfur dioxide). This reaction is typically carried out in a furnace at high ...

 — where, C D is the drag coefficient, and Re Reynolds number. Matte dispersed-phase interfacial area concentration within the slag can either be calculated using the transport equation or by the simple algebraic equation using a specified droplet diameter [].Advantage for using transport equation is that the coalescence or breakup models as …

Copper processing - Roasting, Smelting, Converting: Once a concentrate has been produced containing copper and other metals of value (such as gold and silver), the next step is to remove impurity elements. In older processes the concentrate, containing between 5 and 10 percent water, is first roasted in a cylindrical, refractory-lined furnace …

 — Flash smelting furnace (FSF) technology by Outokumpu is one of the most widely employed methods for copper smelting. Developing an understanding of the …

 — Equation 1 is a second-order nonlinear equation that can be numerically solved with the Runge– Kutta method using the following boundary conditions: Submerged Gas Jet Penetration: A Study of Bubbling Versus Jetting and Side Versus Bottom Blowing in Copper Bath Smelting 971

Mathematical models for material and heat balance in bottom-blowing smelting, converting, anode furnace refining, and electrolytic refining were established based on the principles …

It usually experiences pyrometallurgical smelting. Copper oxide is difficult to separate and enrich, so hydrometallurgical process is usually used. According to a report of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the copper resource reserve of the world in 2015 was 720 million tons. The country with the largest reserve is Chile (210 million ...

 — The bottom-blown smelting technology has been widely adopted in non-ferrous metal smelting industries. The largest bottom-blown smelting furnace used in copper smelting was numerically simulated to improve the stirring effect in the molten bath by optimizing the oxygen injector arrangement and blowing parameters. The results show …

The word equation for the smelting of copper sulfide is Copper sulfide + oxygen → copper + sulfur dioxide. In this process, also known as roasting, copper sulfide (the copper ore) reacts with oxygen, present in the air, to produce pure copper and sulfur dioxide. This is a type of oxidation reaction where copper is separated from the sulfur ...

 — To improve the recovery of copper, the viscosity of copper molten slag is decreased by the reduction of magnetic iron, which, in turn, accelerates the settling and separation of copper droplets ...

 — In this paper, a mathematical model based on the optimization of copper concentrate cost and the content of impurity elements in the mixed copper concentrate …

 — A novel mathematical model for combustion of a single copper concentrate particle is presented. The model includes particle volatilization, fragmentation, smelting, and combustion phenomena. ... Evolution of size distribution of copper concentrate particles oxidized under suspension-smelting conditions. In: Copper international conference ...

 — The effectivity of present copper smelting technologies have their roots in industrial and laboratory-scale experience accumulated over the past decades. Since early '60s, the tools for improving the processing conditions and smelting vessel design included scale modelling and manual computing of homogeneous multicomponent equilibria. The …

 — This work presents the sensitivity analysis of a hierarchical scheduling framework for the copper smelting process with respect to the change in matte grade. …

12.3 Primary Copper Smelting 12.3.1 General1 Copper ore is produced in 13 states. In 1989, Arizona produced 60 percent of the total U. S. ore. Fourteen domestic mines accounted for more than 95 percent of the 1.45 megagrams (Mg) (1.6 millon tons) of ore produced in 1991. Copper is produced in the U. S. primarily by pyrometallurgical …

mushroom head in copper smelting process. Liang et al.[6] pointed out that the control of mushroom head in copper smelting is conducive to improving the service life of the injector and the control of furnace life. Some researchers established hydraulic model experiment systems to study the formation process of mushroom

The production of copper in the flash smelting process is accompanied with a large amount of copper-rich slag, which has to be treated with the aim of copper recovery. ... Metamodelling and optimization of copper flash smelting process, Applied Mathematics and Materials, ISBN: 978-1-61804-347-4, p.52-56; Accessed August 2016; 5.

 — Well-known mathematical models related to blending problem are extended and adjusted to the specific blending problem in copper production. Certain constraints are deduced from the process of making copper as well as from the ecological aspects of the production process. The models are applied to the production experience at the copper …

 — Mechanical copper losses in the FS process can be traced to copper as flue dust or matte entrained in the slag. The settling of matte droplets through the slag phase in the FS furnace (FSF) as shown in Figure 1, is an important phenomenon and determines the overall copper yield in the smelting unit process.The copper losses during the …

The distribution law of materials in smelting products is key to cost accounting and contaminant control. Regardless, the distribution law is difficult to determine quickly and accurately by mere sampling and analysis. Mathematical models for material and heat balance in bottom-blowing smelting, converting, anode furnace refining, and electrolytic …

 — Liu and Gui established a dynamic model for quantifying the dynamic characteristic of matte grade in copper flash smelting process at a Copper Smelter based on the production data combined with the desulfurization rate calculation.

In this study, the copper smelting process has been modelled using a mass and energy balance implemented with equations for coefficient distribution parameters of copper, …