— Copper is the most common oxidant in thiosulfate leaching due to its significant catalytic. ... reduced by changing the leaching system with a low-cost oxidant (such as Cl 2, Fe 3+, H 2 O 2).

 — Heap leaching is used extensively for the processing of low-grade copper and gold ores. If the ore has low permeability, it may lead to underperformance or even project failure. Poor permeability is caused by a high fines content, resulting in a high steady-state moisture hold-up which causes the bed to operate close to saturation.

 — Ammonia and ammonium salts have been recognized as effective leaching agents in hydrometallurgical processes due to low toxicity and cost, easy recovery and high selective recovery of metals. ... kinetic study of copper ammonia leaching and evaluation of Eh–pH diagrams in a system containing water and ammonia are other parts of this study ...

 — Finally, with the decrease of particle size, the leaching rate of copper in ammonia leaching system increases from 76.92% to 90.05%. The leaching rate of copper in acid leaching system increased from 77.32% to 87.93%, which was due to the larger contact area of fine particles.

studied copper leaching from WPCBs using dierent leach-ing agents, such as mineral acids including sulphuric acid [6, 7], nitric acid [8–11], aqua regia [12] and a mixture of ... Although the ammoniacal leaching system shows advantages, such as low cost and high selectivity, the decomposition and volatility of ammonia during the leach-

 — The glycine–ammonia system exhibited significantly better copper extraction than the traditional glycine–NaOH system. A copper extraction of 91.5% was achieved after 72 h of leaching by using ...

 — With alkaline glycine leach system having been proven to selectively leach copper over carbonates and other impurity elements [8], [17], [18], [29], lower operating cost due to low reagent inventory could be realised. In addition to that, almost most of glycine can be recovered and recycled to the leach circuit; especially when CCD do not ...

 — Heap leaching is typically applied for low-grade deposits; however, it might also be applied to small higher-grade deposits in remote or politically high-risk locations to reduce capital cost. Heap leaching from low-grade ores has contributed to the total global production of copper, gold, silver, and uranium [ 25 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ] .

 — The leaching behavior of gold from an oxide gold ore using copper–tartrate–thiosulfate solutions has been investigated. Experimental parameters, including temperature, initial pH, and concentrations of copper tartrate and thiosulfate, were systematically studied. The capability of gold leaching using copper–tartrate–thiosulfate …

 — where ({m}_{mat{Cu}}^{0}) —the mass of copper in the slag sample before the process and ({m}_{mat{Cu}}) —the mass of copper in the solution after leaching process.. The measuring stand consisted of four main elements: 1. 600 ml beaker in which the leaching process was carried out, 2. pH analyzer consisting of a probe …

Outotec is in the unique position of being able to provide solutions for the whole copper production chain. From cost efective, environmentally friendly leaching, through …

recovered from leaching low grade copper ores was considered a bonus and little effort had been made to fully understand the leaching process or to maximize copper ... capital cost of the SX plant, and lowered operating costs by decreasing organic losses and tankhouse bleeds. LIX 64N is LIX 65N (Figure 2) with a catalytic amount of LIX 63. ...

 — Although the Cu 2+ –ethylenediamine–S 2 O 3 2− system is a promising alternative to cyanide-based gold leaching systems because of its low cost, nontoxicity, and environmental friendliness, its performance is strongly affected by the presence of pyrite. Therefore, a deep understanding of the mechanism of pyrite oxidation in this system is …

 — Therefore, the cost can be reduced by changing the leaching system with a low-cost oxidant (such as Cl 2, Fe 3+, H 2 O 2). ... Gold and copper leaching from gold-copper ores and concentrates using a synergistic lixiviant mixture of glycine and cyanide. Hydrometallurgy, 169 ...

 — In situ leaching (ISL) is an attractive technique that enables copper recovery from copper oxide ores that are either low-grade or located at depths too great to be …

 — Thus iron was balanced at low cost. For water balance, solution was recycled in leach–SX system and copper-rich acid mine drainage was treated by membrane technology in dry season. In wet season, raffinates from leaching–SX process and acid mine drainage were neutralized with lime so as to meet national effluent discharge …

 — The present article reviews the use of ammonia and ammonia-ammonium salt leaching systems to extract valuable metals from secondary resources. ... leaching are low toxicity, cheap cost, high metal ...

 — The model equation derived using Minitab 17.0 predicts that copper-leaching efficiency can reach 97.0% at optimal values of 0.84 M sulfuric acid, L/S ratio of 100:1, and a leaching time of 80 min ...

The first process, vat leaching of high-grade copper oxide ore followed by EW of copper from the leach solution, produced low quality copper cathode at relatively high cost. In …

from leaching process of copper. For instance, Liu et al. [26] found that the leaching kinetics of a low-grade com-plex copper ore in ammonia-ammonium chloride solution followed the diusion process with the activation energy of 23.279 kJ/mol. Seo et al. [28] reported that the leaching kinetics of a Cu-Co ore in the sulfuric acid and hydrogen

 — It can be seen from Eq. () that the higher the Fe 3+ concentration, that is, the higher the redox potential, the higher the leaching rate of chalcopyrite.Hirato et al. [] testified that the leaching of chalcopyrite showed parabolic-like kinetics initially and then showed linear kinetics, and that Fe 3+ influenced the leaching rate of copper and the leaching of …

 — In copper dump leaching, run-of-mine ore is irrigated with acidic leaching solution to generate aqueous cupric ions for further processing. The very large size of …

 — 1. Introduction. Heap leaching forms part of the group of technologies known as percolation leaching, which includes in situ leaching, dump leaching, heap leaching and vat leaching (Bartlett, 1998, John, 2011).Common to all these technologies is migration of leach solution through a fixed bed of ore particles, on its path interacting with the solid, …

cost-effective method to extract copper from the supergene mineralized zone (3). 1.1.2 Present Technology There are four different applications and associated leaching …

 — The combination of efficient and clean resource recovery technologies is the essence of full-value recovery of WPCBs. Based on the research results that the leaching system of H 3 NO 3 S-NaCl-H 2 O 2 can efficiently leach copper from −1 mm WPCBs, a new process flow chart for treating WPCBs may be proposed, as shown in Fig. 10. The …

 — Heap leaching is a low-cost technology used in industrial mining to recover precious metals such as gold and uranium, along with several other highly sought after metals like copper, from their primary …

 — In situ leaching offers a potentially attractive way to extract copper from the subsurface without costly fragmentation and processing. Applicability of in situ leaching …

 — COPPER LEACHING. The application of hydrometallurgical leaching to oxide and combined oxide and sulfide ores depends mainly on obtaining solvent at low cost and in holding initial plant costs within feasible limits. Dilute sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate has been found to be an excellent solvent for oxide minerals as well as for such sulfide forms ...

BacTech Enviromet Corp., in conjunction with Mintek, 14 has developed proprietary technologies for the high temperature leaching of copper concentrates. Working in conjunction with Industrias Penoles SA de CV, one of Mexico's largest and most diverse mining companies, they operated a 2.2-metric tons per day (mt/d) stirred-tank copper …

 — Heap leaching (including bioleaching) is widely used for the treatment of low-grade copper ores [15,19], and the possibility of using it for Cu-Ni ore was also studied on an industrial scale [24].