This method is called a sol–gel method as during the synthesis of the metal-oxide nanoparticles, the liquid precursor is transformed to a sol, and the sol is ultimately converted into a network structure that is called a gel. 71 …

 — The traditional method of preparing graphene will cause serious environmental pollution, and the combustion of polymer materials will seriously harm people's health. In this paper, a Cu-MOF-coated graphene composite flame retardant (G@Cu-MOF) rich in flame retardant elements such as B and N was synthesized …

 — The rotational speed used in planetary ball milling methods was mostly in the range of 300 to 500 rpm, while in a few literature mentioned the method of using 3000 rpm, and the ball-to-material ...

 — The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol remains a challenging process due to the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose. The presence of the sturdy lignin protective sheath, complex structure, and partial crystallinity of cellulose often reduces the enzymatic susceptibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, pretreatment …

 — The synthesis LiFePO 4 /C process of HTHEBM method involved two steps. The first step aimed at preparing the precursors at 350 °C for 1 h.The second step was carried out at 600 °C for 9 h so as to form the crystalline phase LiFePO 4 /C. To avoid oxidation, the preparation of LiFePO 4 /C composites was conducted under N 2 …

Ball milling is a mechanical technique widely used to grind powders into ne particles and blend materials.18 Being an environmentally-friendly, cost-effective technique, it has …

 — Recently, a ball-milling method has been devised to eco-friendly produce N-doped carbon materials (e.g., graphene) [19], [20], [21]. Ball milling uses the kinetic energy of moving balls to break chemical bonding and produce new surfaces by fracturing feedstock particles [22], [23]. To the best of the authors' knowledge, none of the previous ...

At present, the synthesis methods of MOFs mainly include the hydrothermal method, microwave assisted method, ultrasonic assisted method, electrochemical method, and ball milling (BM) method [12,13,14,15].Ball milling is a mechanical technique widely used to grind powders into fine particles and blend materials.

In our research, we use the high-energy ball milling technique to synthesize various nanometer powders with an average particle size down to several nm, including nano-sized a-Fe 2 O 3 based solid solutions mixed with …

 — Mechanochemistry is the science of inducing a chemical reaction through the application of mechanical force. This Perspective focuses on combining traditional mechanochemistry with different ...

This linear homopolysaccharide is composed of glucose units linked together through β(1-4)-glycosidic bonds.6 The cellulose chains are interconnected through hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions to form elementary fibrils, which further assemble into larger micro- and nanofibrils about 2–10 nm thick (Fig. 1). …

 — From Fig. 3 considering the X-ray diffraction patterns of the processed ZnO nanoparticles powder by calcined at different temperatures was found that zinc particles powder before calcination were match with the metal zinc (Zn) data in the JCPDS file no. 04–0831 which has a hexagonal structure and has the highest intensity peak on the …

This method of forming chemical bonds by ball milling had been reported recently [30,111]. Due to the existence of Si Ti, C Si and Ti C bonds and the construction of multi-dimensional structure, the cyclic stability of the composites prepared by simple ball milling method was significantly improved (Fig. 3 a and b). The covalent bonding not ...

The proposed synthesis route by ball milling and annealing is an effective process for carbon nanoparticle production and efficient nitrogen doping, providing a large-scale production method for the development of highly efficient and practical electrocatalysts.

 — High-energy ball milling (HEBM) of powders is a complex process involving mixing, morphology changes, generation and evolution of defects of the crystalline lattice, and formation of new phases.

 — Nanoparticles were obtained by the high-energy ball milling method using commercial polycrystalline ZnO powder with 99.9% purity provided by Nanomateriales SA de CV (Mexico). The equipment for obtaining ZnO nanoparticles is a high-energy ball mill (see Fig. 1 ), Netzch brand (model LMZ-10), connected by piping to a tank that includes …

 — High energy ball milling was investigated as a technical method to modify clay minerals (Hrachová et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2007, Ramadan et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2009). Literature demonstrates that ball milling is a potential method to prepare organo-montmorillonite.

 — Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 2 F 3 has been emerging as one of the most promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries due to its stable NASICON structure and fast Na + diffusion. However, present methods for preparation of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 2 F 3 suffer from either high energy consumption or generating poor rate performance. Herein, a cost …

 — Adsorption is an effective method for the removal of both organic and inorganic contaminants (Peng et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2019a).Many carbon adsorbents, such as graphene oxide/Fe-Mn (Tang et al., 2016), thiol functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes (CNTs-SH@Fe 3 O 4) (Fan et al., 2019), and magnetic carbon nanotubes …

 — 2.1 The constrained geometries simulate external force (COGEF). Quantum chemical computational methods such as COGEF [] can be used to investigate the effects of mechanical forces on chemical reactions and materials.By simulating the deformation of molecules under external forces, these methods can provide insights into the underlying …

 — Herein, a optimized Si@C-2 composite consisting of N-doped carbon embedded Si nanoparticles has been prepared through ball-milling and followed by direct pyrolysis carbonization method using PVP and deionized water as N-doped carbon source and dispersing agent, as illustrated in Fig. 1.The PVP, as a polymer surfactant, has been …

This method presents disadvantages for thermosensitive drugs, since the high temperatures required to achieve melting may result in thermal decomposition. The study performed by Wlodarski et al. is a clear example of the wide range of thermosensitive drugs that currently exist with low solubility that cannot be obtained in the amorphous state ...

 — The methods of activated reactive evaporation, self-propagating combustion, high nitrogen pressure (105 atm) and high temperature (1200 °C) are often used to produce the cubic form of TiN. For the synthesis of TiN, a chemical vapor deposition method was employed, including the interaction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) with …

 — Several methods have been developed for the incorporation of N to biochar, such as pre-treatment with N-containing precursors (e.g., organic polymers and ionic liquids) [14], post-treatment with NH 3 at high temperature [15], and chemical bonding via nitration and reduction [16]. Lian et al. [17] prepared N-doped biochar by post-treatment …

 — The construction of heterojunctions exhibits great prospects in the CO 2 photoconversion field, which ascribes to the feasibility and universality of constructed heterojunctions for facilitating spatial separation of photogenerated carriers. In the initial research, the conventional heterojunctions were mainly composed of lattice-matched …

The p-n junction photocatalyst, p-CuO/n-ZnO, was prepared via ball milling of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in water. The structural, optical, and surface properties of the p-n junction photocatalyst p-CuO/n-ZnO were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vi …

 — In a previous research [17, 18], a two-step grinding and sintering method was used to synthesize Cu/TiC composites with a uniform distribution of nanoparticles and a suitable bond between the reinforcement and the Cu matrix. The use of graphene (30 vol%) resulted in a 46% decrease in wear volume loss and a 6% reduction in the coefficient of ...

Ball milling is a mechanical technique that involves grinding solid materials using hard balls like stainless steel or tungsten to prepare nanosized metal particles with desired properties in a cost-effective manner.

Ball milling is an economic and facile technique to produce nanosized materials. It is a top-down approach of nanoparticle synthesis which includes mechanical breakdown of large …

 — To overcome the shortcomings of current preparation methods, in this study we used a one-step in situ ball milling method under dry and room temperature conditions to produce CsPbBr 3 PQDs/PMMA composites with high PLQY and good stability. Fig. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the method, in which the polymer matrix and the source …