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— 2.1 Conventional ceramics. The critical difference between engineering ceramics and conventional ceramics is that engineering ceramics are composed of a single phase such as Alumina (Al 2 O 3), Zirconia (ZrO 2), or sometimes a combination of limited phases such as MgO–Al 2 O 3, Y 2 O 3 –ZrO 2, etc. [25, 26].On the flip side, …