— The extraction process can follow three main mechanisms: solvation—where water molecules surrounding a metal are replaced by molecules of the extractant; anion exchange—involving the formation of electrically neutral ion pairs between the anions of chlorocomplex MCl x n− and the positively charged, basic molecules of the organic …

A Review of the Behaviour of Platinum Group Elements within Natural Magmatic Sulfide Ore Systems. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation in Water with Platinum Group Metal Catalysts. Carbon Nanotubes as Supports for Palladium and Bimetallic Catalysts for Use in Hydrogenation Reactions. More.

 — Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), often with associated gold, have very few occurrences where they are present in an ore deposit at economically extractable levels. They are classified as both precious and critical metals due to …

Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) are recovered through underground and open pit mining from poly-metallic sulphide ores containing PGMs, Nickel, Copper and other metals: • Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), Rhodium (Rh) and Ruthenium (Ru) are …

An improved process which makes use of liquid–liquid extraction has been developed to a pilot plant stage, and this paper highlights some of the chemical and process principles that underlie this method of separation.

 — The present paper gives an overview of the commercial processes developed for the recovery of PGMs from various resources using pyro-/hydro- or hybrid techniques. The paper will be helpful for researchers in future to develop new process flow-sheet for extraction of PGMs keeping in view the drawbacks of the existing commercial process.

 — This review critically discusses and gives an update on the classification and mineralogy of platinum group element ores around the world and also assesses the beneficiation practices and developed process flowsheets for recovery of platinum group element values.

 — The PGM ore is initially treated in primary and secondary crushers after which it is sent to rod and ball milling circuits. The milled PGM ore is treated using gravity separators and flotation cells; xanthate and dithiophosphate collectors are typical reagents used for flotation at a pH of 7.5–9 .

 — The extraction of platinum metals generally goes through three steps: enrichment, separation of platinum metals, and refining of platinum. The concentrate is obtained from the platinum placer after gravity separation.

 — The depletion of the Merensky ore has led the South African platinum industry into largely mining and processing Upper Group Two (UG-2) ore for the extraction of Platinum Group Metals...