— Rice is the staple food for much of the world's population, especially in Asia and Africa, but its annual production generates huge quantities of straw (estimated as ∼8 × 10 11 kg by Domínguez-Escribá and Porcar, 2010) and husks (∼1.5 × 10 11 kg by Singh, 2018).Currently, only ∼20% of rice straw is used for practical purposes, such as …