— Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three...

 — During the melting of steel scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF), around 11–20 kg of dust (EAFD) is formed for each ton of produced steel (Liebman, 2000).This dust, which is rich in Fe and Zn oxides, was classified as a hazardous waste in the late 1980s by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), because it contains leachable …

A new Electric Smelting Reduction Furnace (ESRF) has been developed to solve such problems, in addition to recovering metals and conforming to regulations on pollutant emissions and heavy metal leaching.

EAF dust is a by-product of the steel production process, and refers to the dust collected during the melting of steel in an electric arc furnace. Global estimates for EAF dust production currently sit between 5 to 10 million tons annually, a staggering amount, considering the steel industry continues to experience rising demand.

 — How to reduce the energy consumption of the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process has become an important issue for the stainless steel industry. The aim of this study is to reduce the energy consumption of ferronickel production from saprolite nickel laterite in the RKEF process. The effects of the slag binary basicity, FeO content, and …

 — The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo calcination and partial reduction in a rotary kiln. Large amounts of mineral dust leave the kiln entrained in flue gases.

 — Moreover, the exergy destruction due to chemical reactions of rotary dryer, rotary kiln and electric furnace is 20.4%, 27.1% and 5.1%, respectively. It is also found that combustion is the dominant factor for the efficiency loss of rotary dryer and rotary kiln and slag with high temperature contributes most for the efficiency loss of electric ...

 — Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust is an important secondary resource which contains multiple metallic elements, such as zinc, lead, iron, chromium and cadmium. ... The dust-laden off-gas will be treated in a downstream off-gas unit for purification. The rotary kiln furnace is used to treat Waelz oxide to refine zinc with elimination of lead ...

As the name signifies, RotarEkiln is an electrically powered, indirectly-heated rotary kiln, which doesn't consume fossil fuels. For the RotarEkiln, the burner system of standard indirect rotary kilns is substituted by an electric heating system, which utilizes resistive emitters that provide radiative heat transfer to the kiln shell ...

The rotary kiln and electric furnace process has long been the most commonly employed method of recovering nickel from saprolitic laterite ores. Production improvements have been achieved over the years by the adoption of "shielded arc" smelting and the installation of water-cooled copper cooling elements in the furnace sidewalls.

How to Smelt Ferronickel in The Nickel Smelting Plant. The production of ferronickel by the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process is a rapidly developing nickel laterite ore treatment process.

 — Waelz slag is an iron-containing waste generated during electric arc furnace (EAF) dust processing in a rotary kiln named the Waelz process. This study focuses on the reduction smelting of the Waelz slag to produce iron-based alloy.

 — The Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace process is a widely recognized pyrometallurgical route for ferronickel production. This paper focuses on the rotary kiln furnace, an intermediate stage in which partially dried minerals convert into calcine, ready for smelting in an electric arc furnace.

Rotary Kiln with SL/RN Process; Melting. Electric Arc Furnace; Induction Furnace; Power Supply Unit; Refining. Electrotherm (Ladle) Refining Furnaces; ... The Electric Arc Furnace operation can be made fully automatic by applying a series of technological packages to optimize the process, to be selected on a case-by-case basis depending on the ...

Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace process for ferronickel production: Data analytics-based ... nation and partial reduction in a rotary kiln, and III) smelting in an electric arc furnace ...

 — Feeding a pelletized mixture of electric arc furnace dust with lime into a Waelz kiln makes it possible to provide effective reaction of charge components in the kiln and to reduce to reduce escape of dust. ... al. Development of Charge Pelletizing Technology Based on Electric Arc Furnace Dust for Pyrometallurgical Processing in …

 — The majority of DRI is melted and refined in the electric arc furnace with different process conditions compared to the melting of steel scrap due to its raw material composition being rather different. ... (HBI) …

Rotary Kiln with SL/RN Process; Melting. Electric Arc Furnace; Induction Furnace; Power Supply Unit; Refining. Electrotherm (Ladle) Refining Furnaces ... division of Electrotherm is a leading designer & manufacturer of Induction Melting Furnaces, Electric Arc Furnaces, Metal Refining Konverters (AOD), Electrotherm Refining Furnaces, High Speed ...

Submerged arc furnace (SAF) and the traditional rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) processes have also been used for low-grade ferro-nickel production. In general, these processes yield low-grade ferro-nickel containing Ni in the range of 10 to 15%.

 — Among these methods, the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) process has the advantages of yielding high nickel/iron grade from crude ferronickel products, less harmful elements, raw materials with strong adaptability, high production efficiency and mature process.

 — The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo calcination and...

The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established …

DOI: 10.1016/J.APPLTHERMALENG.2016.08.095 Corpus ID: 114547410; Material and energy flows in rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting of ferronickel alloy with energy saving @article{Liu2016MaterialAE, title={Material and energy flows in rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting of ferronickel alloy with energy saving}, author={Peng Fei Liu and Baokuan Li …