— Trade-offs in clearing forests for rubber plantations depend on calculations of opportunity costs. Such costs are not just a matter of economic calculations but also the politics of the forests ...

 — Plantations of all major tropical commodities are expanding quickly, creating opportunities for development and raising concerns about their impacts on the environment, landscapes and livelihoods.

the dynamics of rubber expansion, in the last decade, have significant contrasts: • a global increase • reduction in Malaysia and stagnation in Indonesia, resulting from competition …

 — News release of Bridgestone：It is a detailed page of ：Bridgestone Strengthens Investment in Natural Rubber Plantations in Southeast Asia. ... Indonesia Establishment：2005 Area in total：about 17,900ha Number of Employees：about 4,200 （2） PT BRIDGESTONE KALIMANTAN PLANTATION.

 — Driven by food and industrial demand, the production of global oil palm has more than doubled over the last two decades. Between 1997 and 2018, oil palm plantations expanded from 10 to 21 Million ...

 — 1. Introduction. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) is a valuable commodity crop, being cultivated globally to produce natural rubber (Priyadarshan, 2017).More than 60% of natural rubber is consumed in the automotive industry, particularly in tyre production (Carr, 2012), with China dominating 18% of the market (Fox and Castella, 2013).Rubber trees …

 — This article describes how the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) (Willd. ex A. Juss.) (Müll. Arg., family–Euphorbiaceae) which grows wildly in the Amazon forests, came under global focus due to industrial …

Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho, or caoutchouc, [1] as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Cambodia are four of the leading rubber producers. [2] [3] [4] Pieces of natural vulcanized rubber at …

 — The geographic center of sugar cane cultivation shifted gradually across the world over a span of 3,000 years from India to Persia, along the Mediterranean to the islands near the coast of Africa and then the Americas, before shifting back across the globe to Indonesia. A whole new kind of agriculture was invented to produce sugar – the …

 — Rubber plantations have a lower abundance of litter-feeding termites and fungus grower species and a higher richness of wood-feeding termites than forests. Similarly, Potapov et al. (2021) exposed the dominance of invasive earthworm species (Pontoscolex corethrurus) in a rubber plantation in Indonesia. This invasion associated …

 — Rubber: Widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, especially Thailand and Indonesia. Sugarcane: Key producers are Brazil, India, and China. Palm Oil: Indonesia and Malaysia dominate global production. Plantation agriculture is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where the climate supports the growth of these crops.

 — By analyzing survey data from questionnaires with smallholder rubber farmers in Jambi, Indonesia, a pattern emerged suggesting that larger, remotely located …

Kerala is the largest rubber-producing state in India. Rubber is cultivated in 16 states of India. ... had decided to invest Rs 1,100 crore to undertake rubber plantation in additional 2,00,000 hectares of land in Northeast India in a span of 5 years. ... Apart from Thailand, the other largest producers of rubber in the world are Indonesia ...

 — Despite the significant size of Indonesia's rubber plantation area, barriers to maximizing its potential still exist. Downstream activities, such as post-harvest handling, manufacturing,...

 — Given that the demand for rubber will probably grow, there is an opportunity to provide an incentive for rubber-tree plantations to be established in previously deforested areas, changing the ...

 — Study area. The study area is the Chandanapalli sub-watershed, which is located in the midlands of Kerala, India (Fig. 1).It is the largest sub-watershed of the Achankovil river basin and has a total area of 66.24 km 2.The elevation of the basin ranges from 20 to 200 m above mean sea level (Dhanya & Renoy, 2015).Rubber is the major …

Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC) 7th Floor, Bangunan Getah Asli (Menara) 148, Jalan Ampang, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. T: +603-2161 1900 F: +603-2161 3014 E: [email protected]

plantations and the rest comes from large private plantations. Rubber is a source of livelihood for 15 million rubber farmers in rural areas and a provider of employment for crumb rubber factory workers. In general, Indonesia's total plantation area and rubber production have experienced a steady increase over the past decade.

 — The tremendous expansion of monocrop rubber plantations in mainland Southeast Asian countries in the 2000s has resulted in significant adverse environmental impacts, such as deforestation, soil ...

A major concern expressed about the expansion of rubber plantations is the risk of converting highly biodiverse landscapes, such as forest and mosaic landscapes, to monoculture. This concern is not exclusive to rubber — in fact it is the concern with any agricultural monoculture replacing more diverse systems.

The total size of Indonesia's rubber plantation area has risen steadily over the past two decades. In 2002, the country's rubber plantations covered a total of 3.34 million hectares. By 2022 the total national rubber plantation size had grown to 3.56 million hectares, particularly because of the expansion of smallholder estates.

Downloadable! South Sumatra Province is known as Indonesia's largest natural rubber-producing center. In the last few decades, South Sumatra has faced climate change issues marked by increased variability of maximum temperature, mean temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall. On the other hand, smallholder rubber plantations are …

Like Thailand, Indonesia saw a decrease in natural rubber production between 2019 and 2020. In 2019, Indonesia produced roughly 3,200 tons of natural rubber. In 2020, this production dropped to about 3,000 tons of natural rubber. ... Some of this natural rubber remained in India, while some portions of the rubber production were exported to ...

 — Several ongoing efforts employ voluntary approaches to mitigate the effects of rubber production, both in Southeast Asia and globally. This includes sustainable pilot plantation approaches, forest ...

 — The history of the bond between Pirelli and Indonesia has been over a century in the making. It was in the early years of the twentieth century that the Milan-based company began purchasing hectares of land with rubber-tree plantations in South-East Asia. The company was certainly proud of these acquisitions, as we can see in […]

 — Rubber manufacturer Michelin claims to have avoided millions of tons of carbon emissions and saved thousands of hectares of primary forest in a sustainable rubber plantation project in Indonesia.

 — The first rubber plantations in India were set up in 1895 on the hill slopes of Kerala. Kerala is the largest rubber-producing state in India. Rubber is cultivated in 16 states of India.

 — Systems with more complexity tend to support more biodiversity – 'jungle rubber' in Indonesia has been shown to support forest-dependent and plant species, …

 — Natural rubber is one of the four main global commodities produced from trees. Predominantly harvested by smallholders, the industry sustains an estimated 40 million people and generates more than 300 billion dollars annually. Experts say that adopting more sustainable practices and standards along the value chains will …

 — Smallholder rubber plantations in Indonesia, representing more than 80% of the total rubber areas, are very unique in the world. Most smallholder rubber areas are multi-strata in nature.