Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15], [16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) [17], [18] and other acids [19], [20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as the activation can be performed by mild process conditions and the quality of the end product is better with high specific surface area and ...

Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2018; 45(4) 1773 in a desiccator for one night. The acid activation was performed using H 2 SO 4 0.1 M with bentonite to acid ratio was 1:5 (g mL-1). The activation process was ...

Abstract Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs). The roles of each of the …

acid (Sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) activated bentonite clay is very efficient and shows satisfactory results. But there is a major disadvantage associated with its use. Fumes of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid are very dangerous for both the equipment and labor involved in manufacturing of vegetable oil.

Using a binary acid solution with acid activation of bentonite can strongly and directly affect the characteristics of prepared bentonite. An attempt was made to obtain the characteristic properties of prepared …

Abstract Locally available Bentonite clay is structurally augmented by acid activation to enhance the catalytic properties. Bentonite sample post beneficiation was …

GRASAS Y ACEITES, 60 (4), JULIO-SEPTIEMBRE, 343-349, 2009, ISSN: 0017-3495 DOI: 10.3989/gya.108408 Acid activation of Bentonite for use as a vegetable oil bleaching agent By B. Makhoukhi,a M. A. Didi,a,* D. Villeminb and A. Azzouzc a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Tlemcen University- BP119, Tlemcen, Algeria b …

Many attempts at improving the bleaching capacity of different types of clay efficiently and economically have been made through thermal activation and acid activation. Acid activation of clay has ...

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Characterization 3.1.1. Chemical analysis of bentonite prior and after acid treatment The evolution of the chemical composition of the bentonite after acid activation is presented in Fig. 3. The content of alumina decreased progressively as the treatment duration was increased.

2.2 Activation of bentonite clay and characterization. Sulfuric acid activation was carried out by treating 150 g of raw bentonite clay with 0.1 M and 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 at 50 °C for 1 h with continuous stirring. The activated bentonite clays were washed with distilled water till a pH of 6–7 was attained and dried in an oven at 105 °C for 12 h.

In this paper, we proposed a facile modification strategy to enhance adsorption performance of bentonite utilizing synergistic acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring, by which the adsorbent (abbreviated as S-Fe-BT) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (246.06 mg/g) and a high rapid adsorption rate for a typical organic …

Acid activation is performed to considerably increase the surface area of the bentonite and create additional acidic reaction sites. This treatment is useful for applications like edible oil refinement and purification of mineral oils and biofuel feedstock. Alkaline activation is performed to modify the viscosity and rheology of bentonite slurries.

The physico-chemical behavior of Iranian typical bentonite was characterized during the activation process by sulfuric acid. The main variations were studied by evaluating specific surface area ...

Acid activation is performed to considerably increase the surface area of the bentonite and create additional acidic reaction sites. This treatment is useful for applications like edible oil refinement and purification of …

Similar to chemical-activation, thermal-activation of bentonite also cause alteration in physicochemical properties, such as the pore structure, swelling ability, cation exchange capacity (CEC), plasticity, and the chemical composition of the bentonite (Sarikaya et al., 2000).For ore iron pelletizing or pet adsorbents, the bentonite must be …

In this work, the statistical design of the experimental method was applied on the acid activation process of bentonite from Serbia. The specific surface area was chosen for the process response, because the chemical, surface and structural properties of the activated bentonite determine and limit its potential applications (Srasra et al ...

In our earlier work, the performance of acid-treated bentonite for the removal of sodium from water was reported (Musie & Gonfa 2022). Chemical activation methods using acid or alkali may leave chemical residue and cause environmental problems (Barakan & Aghazadeh 2021).

Additionally, this process can also be used to easily remove materials of any hardness via melting and vaporization. 4) The performance of wire electrical discharge machining is ... acid activation of bentonite using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid solution constitutes a considerably useful technique for decreasing electrical ...

Acid Activation The bentonite was prepared for activation by air-drying and grinding to a particle size of 0.075 mm. Twenty (20) ... activation process repeated with varying acid concentrations of ...

Chemical activation, using H 2 SO 4, NaCl, and phosphoric acid, has been used to increase the specific surface of natural bentonite. However, there are few reports of the use of nitric acid for such activation. Bentonite was activated with nitric acid in this study, which was then subject to detailed characterization.

The effect of acid activation on the textural properties of a bentonite from Serbia was investigated using response surface methodology. The influence of activation parameters (temperature, time ...

2.2 Activation of bentonite clay Activation was done based study of Samira & Moussa, 2014; 400 mL of hydrochloric acid (2M HCl) (98%, d = 1.98 g/cm3) solution was added to 50 g of NB sample. The ...

Structural modification of clay minerals is necessary to improve their applicability. Bentonite from Nkaliki was treated with different concentrations of sulphuric acid ranging from 0.5 – 5.5mol/l to investigate the effects of acid activation on the structure and properties of the treated samples.

Raw clay was activated via various treatment methods including acid activation, cation treatment and thermal treatment. Structural changes caused by acid activation were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, N 2 adsorption (BET surface area), X-ray fluo-rescence and scanning electron microscopy.

In this study, the adsorption of NH 3 gas on a bentonite from Ünye (Turkey) in its natural state and after acid treatments, was investigated experimentally at 298 K and up to 100 kPa. Bentonite was treated with HCl solutions of various concentrations (0.5–2.5 M) at …

Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15,16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) [17, 18] and other acids [19,20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as ...

The acid-activated bentonite acted as a solid acid catalyst due to the hydrogen ions already anchored among its smectite's layers during the activation process. In another word, acid-activated bentonite acted as a proton donor catalyst expediting the esterification reaction.

Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).

Organic acid treatment assures the safety of equipment and safety of the labor as well. ... were related to the extent of the acid activation process. The acidity of local clay mineral was ...

The acid activation is mostly carried out by sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid. This activation process is carried out in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:7 clay to acid and after some specified time interval removal of spent acid and drying. The thermal activation is carried out in a muffle furnace, raw bentonite is to be placed in a muffle furnace for ...