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— Among these minerals, monazite is a common beach sand mineral present in acidic igneous rocks and vein deposits mainly containing 4–12% ThO 2, 20–30% Ce 2 O 3, and 10–40% La 2 O 3 (Thompson et al., 2011). The potential sources of monazite mineral are presented in Table 3 (Hedrick, 2001). The resource estimates of monazite in inland …