Fire refining removes dissolved gases and some impurities to produce anode copper. Finally, electrorefining dissolves anodes into a copper sulfate-sulfuric acid electrolyte …

 — The emission of greenhouse gas -carbon dioxide in the process of fire refining of blister copper has been calculated. The anode melting process consists of several stages where the most important ones are melting of charge, oxidation, and copper melt reduction. Calculations are based on taking into account the mass of burnt carbon of natural ...

ment of the copper-making industry. Arsenic is liberated from sulfide and oxide min-erals in the copper-making process, and can be present in matte, slag, dust, and gas. Arsenic has different partitioning behaviors in different smelt-ing technologies.10–18 Some part of As in copper matte has reported to blister copper in matte-

2.2 Process Description Secondary copper recovery is divided into four separate operations: scrap pretreatment, smelting, alloying, and casting. ... Sauget, Illinois 125,000 fire-refining, electrolytic refining Chemetco Alton, Illinois 135,000 one-stage (top-blown rotary converter) smelting/refining Gaston Recycling

 — The blister copper is recovered and is then subjected to a process called fire refining. In fire refining, air is blown through the copper to oxidize impurities into slag; then wood is added to ...

 — Fire-refining process is the main method for bismuth refining. Electrochemical refining process is used only for crude bismuth, which is difficult to be refined directly by fire-refining process. Fire Refining. The crude bismuth obtained by fire smelting often contains impurities such as copper, arsenic, silver, tellurium, and lead, …

Secondary copper recovery is divided into smelting, alloying, and casting. Pretreatment preparation for smelting. Smelting consists of purification of specific metals. Alloying …

 — Arsenic monitoring is a critical issue in the copper-making industry, and its removal at the fire-refining stage is important. However, arsenic is poorly removed in the traditional fire-refining practices. A new "As enrichment—targeted oxidation—slag modifying" process is proposed and experimentally studied in this work. The results …

Copper processing - Ores, Refining, Smelting: Principal forms in which copper ores are found include native copper, porphyry copper, massive deposits, and mixed ores. Native copper is simply the metal found unadulterated in nature. Occasionally copper is still found in its native form, but more frequently it is mixed with other minerals, some of which may …

 — Refining gold by fire removes impurities, such as copper and silver, and leaves behind a purer form of metal. This increases the value of the gold and makes it more suitable for use in jewelry, coins, and other …

 — Arsenic content in copper concentrates is continuously increasing worldwide. It is desirable to remove arsenic from copper in the earlier stages of copper making due to the deposition of arsenic to …

 — The pyrometallurgical copper production route typically involves a three-step process from feed to anode: (s)melting, converting and fire refining.1 Two types of furnace are in use in the refining section: the rotary furnace type dominates in primary copper production, while secondary smelters tend to use hearth refining furnaces because they …

 — The refinery production of copper in 2015 was estimated to be 22.9 million tonnes [].In 2014, the refinery production was 22.2 Mt, of which approximately 14.2 Mt was primary electrorefined and fire-refined and 4.1 Mt electrowon, and secondary production was 3.9 Mt [].Based on U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) dataseries [] during 1990–2011, …

We use state-of-the-art technology to refine all types of reclaimed copper and to produce Cu-FRHC (fire-refined, high-conductivity) products that are 99.9 percent pure and meet ASTM B-49 standards. ... Our unique proprietary copper-refining process is a direct result of our company's culture of innovation. As experts in copper, we use a ...

Copper reduction represents one of the steps in the process of fire refining of blister copper. Process of copper reduction with natural gas as performed in the anode furnace was modeled.

 — The process simulations covered the process from sulfidic copper ore to blister copper but excluded the impact of downstream processes such as fire refining, electrolytic refining, wet gas cleaning and sulfuric acid production since these are performed relatively similarly in all the technologies compared with minor influence on the outcome.

 — The latter is generated during the oxidation sub-process of the fire refining, and contains impurities from the blister copper and copper oxide that have inevitably formed due to over-oxidation. Part of this slag is separated from the copper because of differences in density, and another part is reduced by the reducing sub-process in the fire ...

 — The process of the copper fire refining in terms of greenhouse gas e missions was considered in [8, 9]. The refining process is based on the follow ing regularities:

The refining of blister copper is based on the partial removal of impurities that have an increased affinity for oxygen. The most interesting is the process of centralized copper refining at one plant. This is because blister copper from the producer plants has a different chemical composition.

Development of continuous copper matte converting processes creates a strong demand for continuous copper fire refining. Copper refining requires two stages: oxidation with …

 — Electrochemical refining of copper is based on the difference in electrochemical potential of copper and its impurities. This process is the final stage producing pure metal from ore with a copper content of at least 99.999%, i.e. the total content of impurities with the regulated concentration limits does not exceed 0.01% [7, 8].

 — The refining of blister copper is based on the partial removal of impurities that have an increased affinity for oxygen. The most interesting is the process of centralized copper refining at one plant. This is because blister copper from the producer plants has a different chemical composition. Obviously, the batch of each loading also has a variable …

 — The deoxidation of copper or "poling" is the final step in the pyrometallurgical process of primary and secondary copper extraction. The deoxidation generates CO 2 since gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons (natural gas) are the common choice for reducing agents. Previous energy and cost-saving measures increased the efficiency of the process, but …

 — The process of extraction of copper from its ores and preparing copper metal or chemical compounds for use in various goods is known as copper processing. ... The final process, refining, eliminates all traces of impurities and yields a copper product with a purity of 99.99 percent.

 — The latter is generated during the oxidation sub-process of the fire refining, and contains impurities from the blister copper and copper oxide that have inevitably formed due to over-oxidation. Part of this slag is separated from the copper because of differences in density, and another part is reduced by the reducing sub-process in the fire ...

The refined blister copper is poured into casting molds lined up side by side on the revolving circular table of a casting wheel and cast into anode plates for electrolytic refining. The anode plates are approximately 1m x 1m x 0.05m in size, and weigh 380 kg per plate.

 — Today, fire refining has been improved greatly by innovative furnace design, new fluxing technologies, and the improved use of oxygen. ... demonstrate how typical chemical engineering unit process and unit operations have supplanted classic smelting and fire refining techniques. The Kennecott Copper Company, which has operated a ...

These steps are smelting, converting, and refining. The overall copper making process can be explained by using the copper–oxygen–sulfur predominance diagrams. This tool is a navigation chart to understand the overall copper making process. ... Fire refining removes sulfur and oxygen from liquid blister copper by (a) air oxidation removal ...

 — Figure 1: Outotec Anode Furnace. Challenges in fire refining. The conventional fire refining process consists of an anode furnace capable of treating blister to anode copper through oxidation by air and reduction …