— 1. Introduction. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) or in a more specific form ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHFRC) is a cementitious composite with superb mechanical and durability properties compared with ordinary concrete [1], [2].UHPC is characterized by a very low water-binder (w/b) ratio (0.16–0.20 …

 — The accumulation of phosphogypsum (PG) has become a significant environmental and economic challenge, making PG reuse an urgent concern. This study aims to explore the potential of combining PG with steel slag (SS), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and cement clinker (CC) to create excessive-sulfate …

The effect of a partial replacement of cement with slag cement on free shrinkage is evaluated for curing periods between 3 and 28 days. Mixtures include concrete containing different replacement levels of slag cement (30, 60, and 80% by volume) cast with limestone, granite, or quartzite coarse aggregate.

 — The water-cement ratio (w/c) is set at 0.35 to achieve the HSC mix. The mixtures were designed to have a cubic compressive strength of over 60 MPa, which is a characteristic of high strength concrete. ... This decrease is ascribed to the dilution effect on cement due to the inclusion of supplementary materials. Furthermore, the FSS10 …

Supplementary cementing materials. Daman K. Panesar, in Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete (Second Edition), 2019 3.1.2 Slag cement. Slag cement is a by-product from blast furnaces that are used to make iron. Blast furnaces operate at a temperature of approximately 1500°C to melt iron oxide, coke, and fluxing …

The lighter color of slag cement concrete (compared with concrete made with other cementitious materials - see photo) is generally considered to be a positive benefit, as it not only improves the aesthetic look of concrete, but also increases concrete's reflectivity (albedo) which provides greater mitigation of the "urban heat island effect ...

Slag Cement's Effect On Concrete Typical replacement values Effects on compressive strength Reducing permeability Sulfate attack Mitigation Slag Cement and ... Set Time – Compressive Strength PC, PLC and Slag Cement 0. 50. 100. 150. 200. 250. 300. 350. 0. 1000. 2000. 3000. 4000. 5000. 6000. 7000. PC Type I. PLC Type. IL(10) PC 30% Slag.

•Slag cement adiabatic temperature rise is dependent on the slag composition, with the Al 2 O 3 and MgO contents being important •Slag cement is slower reacting than OPC, but can produce higher adiabatic temperature rise in concrete than OPC after 7 days •Slag cement can reduce the temperature rise in mass concrete, and is

 — Cements and GGBFS major composition was established by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) with a Bruker S4 Explorer spectrometer, on fused beads. Data were recovered and processed with the SpectraPlus software (Table 1).GGBFS has usually noticeable amounts of sulfur, usually between 0.2 and 3.5 wt.%, mostly under reduced …

 — effect of slag cement on concrete resistance against combined exposure to freeze-thaw and chloride ingress December 2021 Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 16(6):4687-4706

 — Set an upper limit for ground granulated blast-furnace slag content in cement-based materials based on their carbonation resistance useful for material engineers. 2. Set a minimum period of wet curing valid for real reinforced concrete structures useful when civil engineers consider the wet curing time in building structures.

Effect of Slag Cement on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete by Jiqiu Yuan, Will Lindquist, David Darwin, and JoAnn Browning ACI Materials Journal, V. 112, No. 2, March-April 2015.

Water. You can use almost any natural water that is drinkable and has no pronounced taste or odor as mixing water for concrete. Excessive impurities in mixing water can affect setting time and concrete strength, and can also cause efflorescence, staining, corrosion of reinforcement, volume instability, and reduced durability.

The Slag Cement Association (SCA) mentions some notable projects using slag cement that are rewarded by induction into a "Hall of Fame" including (i) 7 World Trade Center, Manhattan, NY (completed in 2006), where the inside concrete core was made with a 40% slag cement mix; (ii) Delaware Route 1 (completed in 2004) where 82 km (51 miles) of ...

Cement is a key ingredient of concrete, typically making up 10 to 15 percent of the concrete mix by volume. Portland cement and portland-limestone cement are the most common types of cement used in concrete. In concrete, a paste made of cement and water is mixed with aggregates (sand, gravel, or crushed stone).

 — The test matrix is divided into six sets, set 1 to set 4 investigate the variation of HF from 0.6 to 1.2 through Ms from 0.0 to 1.5 while the binder content is constant 400 kg/m 3 and W/B ratio of ...

 — Alkali-activated slag (AAS) has the potential to be applied in winter construction due to its continuous hydration at subzero temperature. However, to further enhance the mechanical properties of AAS as structure repair material in cold regions, calcium oxide (CaO) at proportions of 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt% and 4 wt% were …

 — Most of the people with whom we spoke, however, attribute these surface problems to contractors unfamiliar with finishing properties of GGBF slag concrete. A finisher used to working with a portland cement mix must be warned that a mix containing GGBF slag may require a slightly longer set time and that there will be a little …

Fly ash and Slag will typically be 18% cheaper than Portland cement. When a mix includes 20% fly ash, this will provide savings of 3.5% in cost. The advantage of slag is its ability to substitute more of cement. Giving savings of up to 9% in cement cost with a 50% slag to cement content ratio.

 — Before the start of the accelerated carbonation test (after 1, 3, 6 or 18 months curing), the initial value of the carbonation depth (x 0) was determined by the dyeing method as explained below.Subsequently, all sides of the concrete cubes (100 × 100 × 100 mm), except the one (moulding surface) which will be exposed to the environment with high …

Hardened concrete containing slag cement may show mottled green or blue green areas on the surface in the first few days after placement. This temporary condition is commonly …

Final Setting Time is defined as the period elapsing between the time when water is added to cement and the time at which the needle of 1 mm square section with 5 mm diameter attachment makes an impression on the test block . 600 minutes is the maximum time specified for the final set for all the above mentioned Portland cements.

The use of slag cement as a cementitious material dates back to 1774, when a mortar was made using slag cement in combination with slaked lime (Mather 1957). In 1862, a …

 — Highlights. •. Current applications of steel slag in concrete were presented. •. Its chemical composition and durability properties of steel slag in literature were …

 — Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is a green construction material used to produce durable concrete. The secondary pozzolanic reactions can result in reduced pore connectivity; therefore, replacing partial amount of Portland cement (PC) with GGBS can significantly reduce the risk of sulfate attack, alkali–silica reactions and …

 — A. Bandopadhyay, T.C.Alex, B.R. Kumar, Mechanical activation of granulated blast furnace slag and its effect on the properties and structure of Portland slag cement, Cement and concrete composites. 8 (2008) 679௅685. [11] I.B. Topcu, High-volume ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete, Eco-Efficient concrete. (2013) …

Cost: Using Portland Slag Cement can lead to cost savings in construction projects. It is often more economical than traditional Portland cement due to the reduced clinker content and the utilization of industrial by-products. Uses of Portland Slag Cement. Portland Slag Cement finds application in various construction projects, including: 1.

 — Accordingly, a curing time of seven days could be established as a threshold level to set a minimum curing time for mortar with a content of ground granulated blast-furnace slag higher than 28%; whereas a curing time of three days could be enough for cement-based materials with less than 28% blast-furnace slag [7].

Slag Cement University is a central source of educational resources on slag cement use in concrete construction for university professors and students. Professors can easily incorporate the content of Slag Cement University …

However, in the 1950s, slag cement became available in other countries as a separate product. The first granulation facility in the U.S. to make a separate slag cement product was Sparrows Point, Maryland, in the …